





                       HyperDisk SpeedKit User's Manual

                                      by
                                   HyperWare


                           "Extreme PC Performance"


                                   HyperDisk
                                    HyperCP
                                   HyperKey
                                  HyperScreen
                                   HyperRAM



Original  Program and Document Copyright 1987-1994 by Roger Cross.

Portions of Program and Document Copyright 1985-1995 by Foley Hi-Tech.

HyperWare, HyperDisk, HyperKey, HyperScreen, Touch Shifting, and SpeedKit
are trademarks of Roger Cross.

MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Qualitas and 386MAX are trademarks of Qualitas, Inc.

SpeedStor is a trademark of Storage Dimensions.

Disk Manager is a trademark of Ontrack Computer Systems, Inc.

Other programs and/or equipment mentioned herein are trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective publishers and or manufacturers.

Quick Installation

If you are familiar with IBM PCs and the configuration of your machine,
follow these steps for quick installation of SpeedKit:

1. Back up your system.

2. Exit from all DOS enhancement products or extender software packages,
   such as Microsoft Windows, Quarterdeck's DESQview, etc.

3. Place the SpeedKit floppy in drive A (or drive B), and at the command
   prompt type:

      A: [ENTER]
      INSTALL [ENTER]

4. The opening screen of the install program will give the option of
   installing each component of SpeedKit separately. The screen will show
   [(] by each component on the install disk. A check mark in the brackets
   means that component will be installed on your system. Look to the
   bottom of the screen for further instructions.

5. When you are asked to set the parameters for each product, you can
   simply accept the default conditions specified by the installation
   procedure. If you want to change the option settings, we recommend that
   you first read the "Options" sections for HyperDisk, HyperKey,
   HyperScreen, and HyperRAM.

For more detailed information about the installation procedure, see Part 1,
"Installation."

Introduction

What's In SpeedKit?

HyperDisk SpeedKit comprises four PC speed-up utilities HyperDisk,
HyperKey, and HyperScreen, and HyperRAM that dramatically increase the
efficiency of your personal computer. You can use them together or
separately to completely customize your PC to fit your personal needs.

HyperDisk

HyperDisk is the most efficient disk caching utility available for your
personal computer system. HyperDisk can improve hard disk system
performance by up to 1000 percent, while simultaneously prolonging the
lifetime of your drive by reducing the wear and tear caused by frequent and
redundant access.

How Caching Works

In recent years, caching has become a common buzzword in the PC industry.
The concept of caching, however, has been around for a long time and is
quite simple. Caching is simply keeping often-used items accessible.
Consider, for example, the way you use items in your kitchen. You probably
use some items every day, others less frequently, and some only a few times
each year. You probably store the frequently used items in the most
accessible place. Disk caching is simply keeping often-read items readily
accessible in your computer's Random Access Memory, or RAM. Accessing
information from RAM is far faster than accessing it from disk memory. A
disk cache maintains a history of data usage, and when the buffer is full,
the oldest or least-used data in RAM is replaced with new data. You never
run out of space because it is automatically reused to hold your most
recent requests.

How HyperDisk Works

When your application issues a disk read operation, HyperDisk intercepts
the request, copies the data from the disk to its buffer memory, and then
passes the data on to the requesting application. HyperDisk copies all
subsequent requests for the same data from its buffer memory to the
requesting application. When your application issues a disk write
operation, HyperDisk compares the new data to the data already in the cache
memory. If it is the same data, the time-consuming disk update is bypassed.
HyperDisk copies only active data (data you are actually using) to the
buffer, thus providing much more efficient use of your machine's RAM.

HyperCP

HyperCP is the HyperDisk Windows Control Panel which allows you to monitor
HyperDisk's setup and performance from within Windows.

HyperKey

HyperKey is a powerful keyboard enhancement package that allows each user
to customize all keyboard functions including the type-ahead buffer size,
key repeat rate, length of delay before a key begins repeating, keyboard
clicking sounds, and Touch Shifting for one-finger typing. By adjusting
these functions you can enter data at your own rate.

HyperScreen

HyperScreen is a video enhancement tool that gives you the most power and
versatility from your existing video hardware. HyperScreen's
state-of-the-art software provides automatic screen blanking to keep images
from burning into your display terminal, manual screen blanking at the
touch of a key to maintain the confidentiality of your on-screen documents,
and video basic input/output system (BIOS) speedup to increase display
speed in all text modes.

HyperRAM

HyperRAM speeds up the performance of your computer by as much as 10% by
reducing the amount of CPU time used managing RAM. HyperRAM requires no
resident memory when installed.

Part 1: Installation

The following procedures give step-by-step instructions for installing the
various components of SpeedKit.

System Requirements

To install SpeedKit, you will need:

* A PC which uses a 386sx or better microprocessor.

* Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system version 3.3 or better.


Installation Procedure

It is a good idea to back up your hard disk before installing any new
program, including the utilities in SpeedKit. This is especially true if
you have a particularly complex or nonstandard system.

Caution: Do not install SpeedKit while operating under one of the DOS
enhancement or extender software packages, such as Microsoft Windows or
Quarterdeck's Desqview. HyperDisk is compatible with these systems but must
be installed before these systems are executed. SpeedKit operates by
intercepting a variety of system interrupts (8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 19, 21, and
28) and redirecting their actions accordingly. DOS enhancement packages
often change the system interrupts on a per task basis and create a
situation in which SpeedKit cannot maintain a coherent image of the
system's devices.

To install SpeedKit on your hard disk, place the SpeedKit floppy in drive A
(or drive B). After you have exited from all DOS enhancers, at the command
prompt type:

     A: [ENTER]
     INSTALL [ENTER]


Installing HyperDisk

1. The installer will ask if you want to install HyperDisk. If you have a
   complete system backup, type Y.

2. The second screen of the installer shows all the program files that can
   be installed on your system. Here is an example of an option screen
   which lists some of the files you may install.

               HyperDisk      [ ]
               HyperKey       [ ]
               HyperScreen    [ ]
               HyperRAM       [ ]
               HyperCP        [ ]
               Support Files  [ ]

   A check mark inside the brackets means the corresponding component will
   be installed. To not install a particular program use the [Tab] key or
   your mouse to highlight the program and toggle the [Enter] key. When you
   see [ ] the item will not be installed. For online instructions for
   installation look to the bottom of the screen. Press the [F10] key to
   continue to the next screen. Push [Esc] to exit the installer at any
   time. To alter the install destination tab to the line that says Install
   to C:\HYPER and then type in the drive and directory in which you wish
   to place your SpeedKit files, remember to edit your configuration files
   to so that SpeedKit will be loaded during the BOOT process. The default
   location for installation is drive C directory HYPER.

3. If you are unfamiliar with your computer we recommend you use the
   defaults recommended by the installer.

4. You will be asked whether you want to install HyperDisk, HyperScreen,
   and HyperKey as device drivers or as TSRs (terminate-and-stay-resident
   software). The device driver method uses less conventional memory. We
   recommend this method for all SpeedKit components except for HyperRAM.
   HyperRAM is neither a device driver nor a TSR, it makes an alteration to
   your system and is not memory resident. If you have conflicts with your
   system then you might try the TSR method.

5. Enter the amount of memory to use for the disk cache, the amount you
   enter corresponds to 1K increments. For example, 2048 will create a 2
   megabyte cache size, 1024 will create a 1 megabyte cache size. If you do
   not specify a cache size, the recommended cache size of 2 megabyte or
   less (depending on the total amount available) will be used. In most
   cases the default size is fine. Press [Enter] to select the default
   size.

6. Windows users can set a smaller cache size while Windows is enabled. The
   purpose for this is to make more extended memory available for Windows,
   yet still allow HyperDisk to put that memory to use when your system is
   not using Windows. For precautions necessary to ensure that HyperDisk
   works correctly when you are running Windows see Appendix C, "HyperDisk
   Notes for Windows Users."

7. Next, you can specify HyperDisk options. Generally, first-time users do
   not need to set extra parameters. However, you can fine-tune your system
   by using the options available to you. If you do want to specify options
   please refer to "HyperDisk Common Options" and "HyperDisk Technical
   Options" in Part 2 for a list and description of available options.

8. HyperDisk will install with the Staged Write features turned on.
   HyperDisk's Staged Write functions can greatly improve the performance
   of your PC, but you should be familiar with these functions, explained
   in detail in "Basic Options" in Part 2, before using them.

9. The HyperDisk installer, alters your CONFIG.SYS file and sets
   BUFFERS=10. A disk cache makes having more than ten DOS buffers
   redundant.

10. HyperDisk's Verify Read function is much faster than the DOS Verify
    function. The installer by default sets the DOS Verify function to off
    in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.


Installing HyperCP

If you have selected to install HyperCP, the HyperDisk Windows Control
Panel, the file HYPERCP.EXE will be copied to the C:\HYPER directory unless
you have specified an alternate drive or path to install to. To run the
Windows Control Panel, you will need to go into Windows and run it from
Program Manager or File Manager. You can also create a new Program Item
(see Windows documentation for instructions) and click on the HyperCP icon
to run.


Installing HyperKey

1. Select installation as a device driver or as a TSR (if your system
   requires it).

2. Next, you can specify HyperKey options. If you are not sure about how
   you want to set the options, try using HyperKey's default parameters.
   Please read "HyperKey Options" in Part 3 before changing the parameters
   for HyperKey.

Note: When Microsoft Windows is active, a device driver such as HyperKey
cannot intercept keystrokes. Therefore, HyperKey is inoperative in the
Windows environment.


Installing HyperScreen

Installing HyperScreen is similar to installing HyperKey. The series of
questions is much the same, and your answers also should be much the same.

Please read "HyperScreen Options" in Part 4 before changing the parameters
for HyperScreen.

When you have finished all of these steps, reboot your computer to complete
the installation of SpeedKit.


Installing HyperRAM

HyperRAM is neither a device driver nor a TSR, it makes an alteration to
your system and is not memory resident. The default installation for
HyperRAM is the best for almost all systems. Do not change the parameters
during installation unless you have memory parity errors. If this happens
check the section on "Troubleshooting HyperRAM" in Part 5.


Setting SpeedKit Options

The operation of all SpeedKit products can be customized by using
command-line parameters. These parameters can be used on the line that
installs the utility into memory, whether in CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT.
You can also use the same parameters once the product is running by typing
them on the command line with the program name. Parameters can be upper- or
lower-case except where noted. If you specify more than one parameter,
separate parameters with a space, forward slash, or dash (hyphen).


Sample Device Driver Parameter Specifications

The following example illustrates the use of device driver parameter
specifications in the CONFIG.SYS file. This example assumes you are
installing SpeedKit products manually and not with the installer. The
example shown is for HyperKey:

     device=hyperkey.exe D:250 R:25 B:-

With this set of parameters, the following conditions apply:

     The delay to repeat time is 250 milliseconds;
     The minimum repeat delay is 25 milliseconds;
     No type-ahead buffering.


Sample TSR Parameter Specifications

The following example illustrates the use of TSR parameter specifications in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file or from the command line:

C:\>HYPERKEY D:300 R:35 B:-


With this set of parameters, the following conditions apply:

* The delay to repeat time is 300 milliseconds;
* The minimum repeat delay is 35 milliseconds;
* No type-ahead buffering.

Part 2: HyperDisk


What is HyperDisk?

HyperDisk is the most efficient disk performance utility for your personal
computer system. HyperDisk can dramatically improve the performance of your
hard disk and increase its lifetime by reducing the wear and tear caused by
frequent access.

HyperDisk improves disk performance by using a small amount of RAM to store
the data you use most often, a process known as buffering. Conventional RAM
requirements vary from 0K to 35K, depending on the model and size of cache
selected, your DOS version, and the available memory of your PC system.

HyperDisk maintains a history of data usage, and when the buffer is full
and space is needed to store new data, the oldest data in the buffer is
replaced. Replacing the oldest data with new data improves performance
because in many cases data is reused frequently.

Many users are familiar with RAM disks as a way to use memory more
efficiently. HyperDisk is similar to a RAM disk but is superior in several
ways. Both a RAM disk and HyperDisk transfer data to and from RAM. However,
if you use a RAM disk you must first copy all the needed files to the RAM
disk and then copy them back to the hard disk after processing has
finished. You must put the entire file in RAM, even if you are only using
part of the file. If you need additional files, you must stop what you're
doing and copy the necessary files to the RAM disk. If the RAM disk becomes
full, you must decide which files to copy back to your hard disk and then
delete those files from the RAM disk. If you need more files for a given
task than the RAM disk can hold, you cannot use the RAM disk. If the power
fails or your computer crashes, or if you forget to copy the data back to
your disk or diskette, all your work in the RAM will be lost.

With HyperDisk you can bypass all the shortcomings of a RAM disk. HyperDisk
is fully automatic. If the cache memory is full when an application issues
a new disk request, HyperDisk will make space available to hold this new
data. HyperDisk continually updates your disk with changes you have made.
The updating is done in the background at times when your computer is idle,
to avoid interrupting your work. HyperDisk automatically writes all new
data to disk, even if you soft-reboot with the [Ctrl][Alt][Del] key
combination, so no updates are lost. When you change diskettes, HyperDisk
automatically updates the cache for the new diskette and beeps to let you
know it recognizes the new diskette.

You can set HyperDisk options to delay immediate updating of the disks and
diskettes, a process that provides much greater disk and diskette
efficiency. Delaying or staging the update allows HyperDisk to sort data
for the most efficient updating. In this way, HyperDisk minimizes the
number of disk rotations and head movements required to update the disk,
thus prolonging the lifetime of your drive.

Additionally updates are performed in the background asynchronously
(Advanced Update Mode), so that you don't have to wait while the data is
being written to the disk or diskette drives.


HYPERDKX.EXE

HyperDisk uses the memory above 1 MB as cache memory. (Technical note:
HyperDisk supports two transfer protocols, XMS and INT 15h-87h. XMS is the
default mode.) For more information on this HyperDisk, see Appendix E,
"Technical Notes on HyperDisk HYPERDKX.EXE."


HyperDisk Common Options

Although most users readily install and use SpeedKit without setting any
options at all, you can improve your system's performance by specifying
various parameters. We strongly recommend that you read this section before
specifying any installation options, so that you know how the options will
affect your system's operation.

Several of the following functions have hotkey commands, which are listed
after the option name. When you use the hotkey commands, the speaker will
beep once to acknowledge completion of the command. If the caching process
is disabled by the hotkeys, the speaker will beep again. In other words, if
the command is accepted and you hear one beep, caching is enabled. If you
hear two beeps, caching is disabled.

The following options can be used to tune the behavior of HyperDisk.
Remember that the default values for all options are the optimal settings
for most systems, except for the Staged Write functions. The default for
each parameter is listed at the end of the description, if applicable.
Lowercase, italic nn following a parameter is a placeholder for a number
that you provide.


Basic Options

E  ENABLE/UPDATE HYPERDISK  [Ctrl][Alt]E
Enables caching of the selected drive types. If caching is already enabled,
any modified data will be written to update the disk/diskette. Default
setting.

D  DISABLE HYPERDISK  [Ctrl][Alt]D
Disables caching of all drive types. You can enable caching later using
hotkeys or at the command line. It may be appropriate to use this hotkey
command before loading a program from a copy-protected disk. However,
several copy-protected programs have been tested, and no problems are
known.

Note: Always disable HyperDisk when you run disk diagnostics or other
system tests, or any program that directly accesses the disk and/or
diskette adapter hardware.

H  HARD DRIVES ONLY
Caches only hard (fixed media) drives.

F  FLOPPY DRIVE CACHING
Caches all drive types. Default setting.

S  STAGED WRITE HARD  [Ctrl][Alt]S
Delays writing hard-drive data changes until the computer is idle, then
writes all changes to disk.

With HyperDisk's Staged Write enabled, you should always press [Ctrl][Alt]E
to update your disk before either turning off your computer or pressing the
RESET button, if one is provided. This precaution will ensure that
HyperDisk has copied all data to your disk. HyperDisk will beep once to
inform you that the cache is making any needed disk updates. If any updates
are pending, they will be copied to disk immediately. After your disk
access light goes out, feel free to turn power off.

When HyperDisk accepts data to be written to the disk, it stores that data
in a buffer. Later, when the system is idle (no disk, keyboard, or mouse
activity), the modified data is written to the disk. This feature increases
your computer's performance, since disks are updated only when your
computer is not being used for other tasks. For removable media such as
floppy disks, wait until the diskette has completely updated before
removing it. If you remove the diskette before the update is complete,
HyperDisk will interrupt your current foreground process, beep three times,
and indicate that an error has occurred. Simply replace the diskette in the
drive and press R for Retry.

Warning: Staged Write is not for everyone. Never turn power off or press
RESET without first disabling HyperDisk! Do NOT use the Staged Write
feature if:

* all users of a shared computer are not familiar with the HyperDisk Staged
  Write feature. With Staged Write enabled, your disks will not be updated
  immediately, which might cause confusion for a user not familiar with
  Staged Write. Select Staged Write only after all users are aware of how
  it changes the behavior of the computer.

* the computer crashes frequently because of poor software and/or hardware.

* bad weather or an overloaded power network cause the power system to fail
  frequently or unpredictably. Most users in this category should purchase
  an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). For more information on UPS, see
  Appendix G, "Uninterruptible Power Supply Support."

* new software is being tested or developed that may crash the system.

* you use a software package that does not support the warm-boot
  [Ctrl][Alt][Del] function correctly. Qualitas' 386Max version 4.04 or
  earlier and several other public domain programs fail this test.
  Additionally, if you use any software to reboot your PC automatically,
  disable HyperDisk before running the reboot program.


You can easily disable or enable the Staged Write features with the
keyboard hotkey commands. HyperDisk has separate controls for hard and
floppy drives. When in doubt, use the Write Through functions instead of
Staged Write.

You can also have staged writes on specific hard drives by using S:nn where
nn is the physical drive number starting with 0 for the first drive. You
may also specify specific drives for staged write floppies as well.

A  STAGED WRITE FLOPPY  [Ctrl][Alt]A
Same as Staged Write Hard, for floppy drives.

W  WRITE THROUGH HARD  [Ctrl][Alt]W
Writes all data through to the hard disk immediately, rather than waiting
for the Timer Delay or Background Update functions. HyperDisk performance
will be somewhat less efficient than with Staged Write enabled, since
HyperDisk must write data to the disk immediately, instead of waiting until
the system is idle or the cache is full.

Note: Always select Write Through Hard when you test or install new
programs, debug programs of uncertain integrity, or perform any operation
that may crash your computer.

Q  WRITE THROUGH FLOPPY  [Ctrl][Alt]Q
Same as Write Through Hard, for floppy drives. See the note above for Write
Through Hard. Default setting.

XF:file  EXECUTE COMMAND FILE
Directs the program to carry out the commands contained in the designated
file where file is a standard DOS path and filename. You can use this
function to store common procedures or personalized options. Create a file
that contains the command line and parameters desired for a specific user
or application. The command file can contain multiple lines, and comments
should be delimited by a semicolon. The following example is for HyperDisk:


     C:\>>HYPERDKX XF:C:\ANYFILE.EXT

Example of ANYFILE.EXT format:

     EH:0           ; enable only first hard drive
     OT OC          ; disable tone & change line
     XB:9           ; update every 1/2 second


Windows users can use the parameter XF:CON to be prompted for console
input/output. Use this option for Windows program information file (PIF)
default command-line parameters.


Display Options

OR  OVERRIDE REPORT
Disables the output report that is normally generated whenever you run a
SpeedKit product from the command line. This option is useful if you are
running from batch files and do not want the report to fill the screen.

Specifying OR:- will disable the installation report delay, but the report
itself will still be displayed.

OX  DISABLE REPORT
Displays report unless Override Report is applied. OX or OX:+ disables
report panel; OX:- restores report panel display. OR:- can be used to
override the OX setting. Default is to display report.

OK  OVERRIDE DISPLAY METHOD
Selects the display method. SpeedKit products normally display data
directly by means of the video BIOS. OK or OK:+ forces I/O directly to the
video BIOS, while OK:- forces DOS I/O. Alternatively, the standard output
device can be redirected to any device or file. Default is direct to video
BIOS. In the following example, HyperDisk will display the report by means
of DOS standard output device:

     C:\>HYPERDKX OK:-

In the following example, output from HyperKey is redirected to console
(CON) device:

     C:\>HYPERKEY >>CON

OK:nn  OVERRIDE COLORS/ATTRIBUTES
Selects the colors/attributes for the current display. Color displays
provide 16 foreground colors to be applied on either 8 (CGA) or 16
(EGA/VGA) background colors. Monochrome displays provide a variety of
display attributes. Some allow two or more intensities, underlining,
blinking, etc. For CGA displays, there are 120 useful combinations; EGA/VGA
displays, 240. Monochrome displays vary and are generally less than CGA.
You can enter a value for nn in either decimal or hexadecimal formats. The
first example below is a decimal example with HyperDisk; the second is a
hexadecimal example with HyperScreen:

     C:\>HYPERDKX OK:30
     C:\>HYPERSCR OK:X1E

Both of the above examples select yellow on a blue background.
Alternatively, you can select the colors manually by specifying:

     C:\>HYPERKEY  OK:0

OKC:nn  OVERRIDE COLORS ONLY
Same as OK:nn, except only color display attributes are affected. Useful
for systems with both monochrome and color displays.

OKM:nn  OVERRIDE ATTRIBUTES ONLY
Same as OK:nn, except only monochrome display attributes are affected.

I:nn  FLUSH INDICATOR
Selects a beep indicator tone whenever HyperDisk is updating the modified
data to disk. This feature is useful if you have a system that does not
have a drive indicator light. Experiment with tone frequencies by
specifying nn in hertz (Hz). Also see the P:nn parameter. Default is
disabled (I:0).

P:nn  FLUSH INDICATOR PERIOD
Specifies how frequently the Flush Indicator should sound. Units nn are in
seconds. For example, specifying P:5 will set beeps every 5 seconds during
the update flush operation.

R  RESET HYPERDISK HIT
Resets the HyperDisk cache hit percentage after the report is displayed.

OT  OVERRIDE TONE
Disables the hot key acknowledgment tone. OT or OT:+ disables the tone;
OT:- restores the tone. Default is tone enabled.

KF  ENABLE UPDATE TONE
KF or KF:+ enables the tone sounded when a cache update occurs; KF:-
disables the tone. Default is tone disabled.

KT  DISABLE FLOPPY CHANGE TONE
KT or KT:+ disables the tone sounded when a floppy disk media change is
detected; KT:- enables the tone. Default is tone enabled.


Memory-Related Options

C:nn[:nn]  CACHE SIZE
Sets size of memory (in kilobytes) to install initially for use by the
HyperDisk cache. For example, a value of 2048 for nn means 2 MB. You can
vary the cache size after installation using the XC, XD, or XA options, but
the size cannot be larger than the initial value set at installation with
the C:nn option. Use the second [:nn] to set the cache size while Windows
or DesqView is active. You can add it instead of the CW:nn, CB:nn, or CP:nn
parameters described later. Example: C:2048:1024 sets a 2 MB cache size
when Windows is not being used and a 1 MB cache size whenever Windows is
active.

CW:nn  WINDOWS CACHE SIZE
Sets size of cache memory (in kilobytes) while Windows is active. For
example, a value of 1024 means 1 MB. (This also applies to DesqView)

CB:nn ALTERNATE WINDOWS 3.1 SIZING METHOD
Sets the minimum base free memory for use with Windows. Default is 512K.

CP:nn  PERCENT FREE MEMORY
Sets the percentage of free memory HyperDisk can use while Windows is
active. Default is 35 percent.

Windows example
Assume all of the following: Your machine has 6098K of extended memory.
HyperDisk under DOS uses 4096K (C:4096). When Windows starts up, HyperDisk
frees the 4096K and requests the total free memory size, now 6098K.
HyperDisk then subtracts the base free memory size (default of 512K, set
using the CB:nn parameter) for a result of 5585K and takes 35 percent to
obtain 1954K as the new HyperDisk cache size. The actual cache memory will
be rounded down to the nearest whole-number multiple of cache buffers.

XS  SHADOW RAM LOADER
Loads program in Shadow RAM memory. If you have a Chips & Technologies NEAT
210 or 300 Series chip setbased computer or use an XMS-type product that
supports upper memory blocks (UMBs) such as 386Max 4.30+, the SpeedKit
program will load in this special memory using none of the lower 640K of
conventional memory. This option is automatically inactive if loaded high
with an external loader, such as DeviceHigh, LOADhi, LOADhigh, etc.

Note: For Chips & Technologies computers, load high occurs in the
E000:0000-FFFF memory area. Therefore, other programs, adapters, ROMS, or
expanded memory specification (EMS) memory banks must not use this area.

XSL  SPLIT SHADOW RAM LOADING
Load High memory load. Loads code and data tables high and leaves I/O
transfer buffer in low memory. If you have trouble loading HyperDisk high,
try this option. Automatically inactive if loaded high with an external
loader, such as DeviceHigh, LOADhi, LOADhigh, etc.

XC:nn  RESIZE CACHE BUFFER
Resizes the cache buffers to nn K. You cannot specify more cache memory
than was originally installed. XC without a numeric parameter will restore
the cache to its startup value.

XD:nn  DELETE CACHE BUFFERS
Deletes nn K of memory from the current cache buffer. Use this parameter in
conjunction with XA or XC to adjust the cache buffer size for the best use
of your system memory.

XA:nn  ADD CACHE BUFFERS
Adds nn K of memory to the current cache buffer. You cannot specify more
memory than was originally installed. Use XA in conjunction with XD:nn to
adjust the cache buffer size for the best use of your system memory.

XU  UNINSTALL CACHE
Attempts to uninstall HyperDisk from memory. After writing any pending
updates to the disk, HyperDisk will release the cache buffers, restore the
system interrupt vectors as they were before HyperDisk was installed, and
release the memory used by the program code and tables. If you load into
memory other device drivers and/or TSRs that use the same vectors as
HyperDisk, the uninstall operation will fail. Only the cache buffers will
be released, and the cache will be disabled.


Keyboard Command Options

KW  KEY WAIT TIME
Selects wait for key after No Parameter status panel. KW or KW:+ enables a
pause after the status panel. KW:- disables the wait for a key.
Alternatively, you can select a time delay by specifying KW:nn, where nn is
the number of seconds to wait before continuing automatically. Default is
to wait for a keystroke if no parameters are specified.

K  HOTKEY ENABLE
Enables or disables the use of HyperDisk's hotkeys. K or K:+ enables the
hotkey functions. K:- disables the hotkeys. Default is enabled.

K:aclr  HOTKEY SHIFT STATES
Alters HyperDisk's hotkey shift states. Normally, you must press [Alt] and
[Ctrl] before you select a hotkey letter. However, you can use any
combination of [Alt], [Ctrl], [LeftShift], and [RightShift]. Specify only
the first letter of the shift key name. For example, to select [Ctrl] and
[LeftShift], specify K:cl. Default is [Ctrl][Alt].


Windows Support Option

KA  FLUSH CACHE AT WINDOWS EXIT
KA or KA:+ will force a flush of all cache buffers when you issue an Exit
command from the Program Manager in Windows. This option is useful if you
want to have all of the modified cache buffers written to disk before the
exiting of Windows is completed. KA:- disables this option. KA:- is the
default.


Write Verification Options

V  VERIFY READ
Verifies the disk and/or diskette after each disk and/or diskette write.
This option replaces the DOS Verify command. Using the DOS Verify command
is not recommended while HyperDisk's Verify Read is enabled.

N  NO VERIFY
Does not verify the disk and/or diskette after each write. If HyperDisk's
Verify Read is disabled, use DOS VERIFY=ON. Default setting.

VF  VERIFY FLOPPY WRITE OPERATION
VF or VF:+ enables Verify operations for diskettes only. VF:- disables the
verify after write operation. V, V:+, and V:- affect both drive types.
Default is disabled.

VH  VERIFY HARD WRITE OPERATION
VH or VH:+ enables hard disk Verify operations. VH:- disables the verify
after write operation. V, V:+, and V:- affect both drive types. Default is
disabled.


HyperDisk Technical Options

These are parameters that can be used to access various technical HyperDisk
functions. These parameters should not be used unless they are specifically
needed. If you are not sure about how these parameters will affect your
system, do not use them.


Advanced Drive-Support Options

EH:n:...  ENABLE SPECIFIC HARD DRIVES
Enables only specified hard drives. n refers to the physical drive number
starting with zero. You can specify as many drives as needed, each
delimited by a colon.

EF:n:...  ENABLE SPECIFIC FLOPPY DRIVES
Same as EH:n, for floppy drives.

DH:n:...  DISABLE SPECIFIC HARD DRIVES
Disables specified hard drives. n refers to the physical drive number
starting with zero. You can specify as many drives as needed, each
delimited by a colon.

DF:n:...  DISABLE SPECIFIC FLOPPY DRIVES
Same as DH:n, for floppy drives.

H:dd:ss:hh:ff  HARD DRIVE FORCE PARAMETERS
In the case of translation-type drives where HyperDisk is unable to figure
out what type of physical parameters need to be cached with your hard drive
the H: parameter can be used to tell HyperDisk the configuration of your
drive. Be very careful when using this parameter and make sure to test
without Staged Writes to verify that HyperDisk can properly cache the
drive.

     * dd   drive number (e.g., 0 for first hard drive)
     * ss   number of sectors per track
     * hh   number of heads
     * ff   first track to start caching on (almost always 0)


Advanced Tuning Options

T:nn  TIMER DELAY
Specifies the computer idle time before writing the modified HyperDisk
cache data to disk, when using Staged Write. You can specify a value of
zero for a 1/2 second delay. Units nn are in seconds. Default is 1 second.

M:nn  MEDIA CHECK RATE
Specifies the time period for floppy diskette media verification. Removable
media devices (floppies) are checked periodically to confirm that the media
in the drive still matches the media image in the cache. Units nn are in
seconds. Default is 3 seconds.

Z:nn  SECTORS PER BUFFER
Specifies the number of sectors per cache buffer. A track is mapped to one
or more buffers. This value is autoselected by default. Z:0 specifies
full-track caching. You can respecify this parameter after installation,
but for the extended memory models, you cannot increase the sectors per
buffer beyond that specified at installation. If you want to experiment,
install with full-track buffering. Generally the autoselected value will
provide the best overall performance.

XP:nn  BACKGROUND UPDATE PERCENT
Specifies an upper limit on the percentage of modified buffers before
updating the disk and diskette on every access. The oldest data (LRU data)
will be updated on each cache access until the modified buffer percentage
falls below nn. Default is 75 percent.

NR  NO READ AHEAD
Disables read-ahead operations. Improves error handling for some
controllers that time-out when reading over bad sectors. Useful for
debugging. Default is read ahead.

OB:nn  BYPASS SECTOR SIZE
Fine tunes performance when using a small (32K) to medium (384K) cache
size. Normally, HyperDisk disables this value. Specify nn in sectors,
ranging from 0 to 128, to restrict the maximum-sized block to be stored in
the cache. For example, if you set OB:10, all transfer requests greater
than 10 sectors will be passed on to the system BIOS and will not be stored
in the cache. This option is useful if you are moving a large amount of
data through a small cache, which would immediately be flooded with new
data before the previous data could be reused. Setting OB:0 will disable
this option. Default is disabled.


Advanced Update Options

XB:nn  BACKGROUND UPDATE TIME
Specifies an upper limit on the age of the oldest modified buffer. After nn
system timer ticks (55 milliseconds per tick), the oldest modified buffer
is updated to disk. The Background Update functions are most useful in
systems that are seldom idle, such as network servers. Default is disabled
(XB:0).

XI  ENABLE ADVANCED UPDATE
Enables asynchronous update of the disk and diskette modifications for AT,
PS/2, and some XT-class computers. XI or XI:+ enables function; XI:-
disables. Default is enabled.

XIH  ENABLE ADVANCED HARD DISK UPDATE
Same as XI, except affects hard disk drives only.

XIF  ENABLE ADVANCED FLOPPY UPDATE
Same as XI, except affects diskette drives only.


Advanced Memory Options

VI  QEMM STEALTH SUPPORT
VI or VI:+ enables virtual interrupts; VI:- disables virtual interrupts.
Default is enabled.

XM  XMS MEMORY ALLOCATION MODE
Requests HyperDisk to use the Extended Memory Manager for allocating
extended memory buffers. If your system uses HIMEM.SYS (an XMS of
Lotus-Intel-Microsoft-AST), HyperDisk automatically allocates and
deallocates memory using XMS.

XML  XMS MEMORY BLOCK LOCKING
XML or XML:+ locks XMS memory block; XML:- unlocks XMS memory block. Some
XMS providers and/or applications alter HyperDisk's XMS memory block if it
is unlocked. DR-DOS 6.0's EMM386 and an early Lotus 123R3 release revealed
this problem. Locking the block prevents these bugs in other software from
destroying the cache memory block. Default is to lock XMS blocks.

XT, XTR, XTP  XMS MEMORY TRANSFER MODE
Requests HyperDisk to use the Extended Memory Manager (XMS) allocation and
memory transfer method. See the XM parameter, above. Recommended for AT&T
PCs. XT selects XMS transfer mode in both real and protected mode. XTR
selects XMS transfer mode in real mode. XTP selects XMS transfer mode in
protected mode.

OD  DMA BOUNDARY TEST OVERRIDE
Disables DMA boundary testing.


Diagnostic/Override Options

OC  MEDIA CHANGE SIGNAL
Disables the diskette drive media change signal test. All diskette drives,
other than 160/320/360K types, support a media change detection function.
Basically, a signal from the drive indicates that the media latch has been
opened or the diskette has been removed from the drive. By default,
HyperDisk uses this signal to detect when a diskette has been changed. Use
this option if you suspect that your diskette drive has an unreliable media
change signal. OC or OC:+ will disable Media Change Signal testing; OC:-
enables it. Default is enabled.

OH:nn  HOTKEY VECTOR METHOD
Provides direct control of the Hotkey Vector Method. If your machine is an
AT-type machine, you can select either interrupt 09h or 15h. Interrupt 15h
is compatible with foreign keyboard support. If your application has
conflicting key assignments, you can disable HyperDisk hotkeys by selecting
K:-.

OI  OVERRIDE INSTALL
If you run the program with this parameter it will only update previously
installed parameters but will not install HyperDisk if it is not already
resident in memory.

KD UPDATE MODIFIED BUFFER ON DISK RESET
KD or KD:+ will not update modified buffers when a DOS disk reset, INT 21h,
0Dh is called; KD:- enables update. Default is update enabled.

Y  DIAGNOSTIC DUMP
Creates a diagnostic file on the current disk and directory of the resident
HyperDisk program memory. The function aids in problem determination.

YD  DISPLAY SYSTEM ACCESS COUNTS
Displays total system read/write requests, saved accesses (cached sectors),
and disk accesses in a diagnostic report.


Part 3: HyperCP


What is HyperCP?

HyperCP is the HyperDisk Windows Control Panel which allows you to monitor
HyperDisk's setup and performance from within Windows. It provides users
with a convenient method of changing HyperDisk's settings without first
having to go to a DOS window or exit Windows completely.


HyperCP Options

Master Switch
The Master Switch enables or disables all caching activity on all hard and
floppy drives.

Hard Disk Panel
The Hard Disk Panel displays the caching status for all hard drives on the
system. Caching is On if any hard drives are being cached. It is Off if no
hard drives are being cached. Staged Writes is On if HyperDisk is staging
write operations to hard drives. Verify is On if each write operation is
followed by a verify. The number of Sectors per Track is shown for the
first two physical drives (0 and 1) on the system. If caching has been
disabled for either of the drives, the number of sectors will be shown as
"n/a". The On and Off buttons may be used to enable or disable any feature.

Floppy Disk Panel
The Floppy Disk Panel displays the caching status for all floppy drives on
the system. Caching is On if any floppy drives are being cached. It is Off
if no floppy drives are being cached. Staged Writes is On if HyperDisk is
staging write operations to floppy drives. Verify is On if each write
operation is followed by a verify. The number of Sectors per Track is shown
for the first two physical drives (0 and 1) on the system. If caching has
been disabled for either of the drives or if they have not been used since
the last time the system was booted, the number of sectors will be shown as
"n/a". The On and Off buttons may be used to enable or disable any feature.

Cache Performance Panel
The Cache Performance Panel displays the percentage of saved reads and
writes. Values less than 50% are displayed in red. Values from 50% to 65%
are shown in blue. The last 35% is shown in green. The Refresh Display
shows the interval (in seconds) between updates. You can enter a new value
in the edit control between 1 and 60, or use the "spin button" next to the
edit control to increase or decrease this interval.

Status Panel
The Status Panel displays the number of hard errors, soft errors, sectors
in each cache buffer, whether advanced update is active for hard or floppy
drives, and the memory transfer model.

Cache Memory Panel
The Cache Memory Panel displays the resident memory, the amount of memory
used for caching under DOS and Windows, the amount of memory currently
allocated to cache buffers, and the transfer mode.

Iconic Display
When the HyperDisk Control Panel is minimized or iconic, the graph from the
Cache Performance Panel is used instead of a static icon. The graph will
continue to be updated at the same interval as when the window is displayed
normally. To minimize the window, click on the minimize button at the top
right of the window, or press [Return] whenever the window has the focus.


Part 4: HyperKey


What is HyperKey?

HyperKey is a powerful keyboard enhancement package that dramatically
improves the speed and performance of your PC keyboard. With HyperKey you
can customize all keyboard functions including the type-ahead buffer size,
key repeat rate, length of delay before a key begins repeating, keyboard
clicking sounds, and Touch Shifting for one-finger typing.

Your PC has a basic input/output system (BIOS) that normally controls your
keyboard functions. The BIOS provides little support for many windowing-
and scrolling-type applications common in PC systems. Both the delay to
repeat (Typematic Delay) and the period of repeat (Typematic Rate) are slow
and cumbersome. Although the PC BIOS provides a type-ahead feature, it is
only 15 keystrokes. The BIOS type-ahead buffering can be both an advantage
and a disadvantage. If you are waiting for a slow program, you can enter
data before you are prompted, saving time when the program needs your
input. However, when you are scrolling or repeating a keystroke, the BIOS
type ahead can cause you to overshoot your target.

HyperKey addresses all of these problems. You can set the Typematic Delay
and Typematic Period to any value. HyperKey type-ahead buffering provides
128 keystrokes and does not fill with repeated keys as the PC BIOS does.
The Typematic Period is paced to match your application's needs and will
never get ahead of your application.


HyperKey Options

The defaults for each parameter are listed at the end of their description,
if applicable. Lowercase, italic nn following a parameter is a place holder
for a number that you provide.

D:nn  TYPEMATIC DELAY
Sets the delay time before a key repeats itself, starting from when you
hold down the key until repetition begins. Units are in milliseconds
(1/1,000 of a second). Recommended starting value is 350; decrease it as
you become accustomed to a more responsive keyboard. Default is 300.

R:nn  TYPEMATIC PERIOD
Sets the minimum time between repeats of a key after the initial Typematic
Delay. Smaller values repeat keys faster; larger values repeat more slowly.
Units are in milliseconds. Start with a value of 30. Default is 30.

P:nn  TYPEMATIC PITCH
Decreases the Typematic Period automatically after each repeated key. The
value nn is subtracted from the repeat period after each repeated key,
causing repeats to speed up the longer you hold down the key. Units are in
microseconds (1/1,000,000 of a second). Default is 500.

S:nn  TYPEMATIC SPAN
Sets the number of repeat characters the Typematic Pitch control will
affect. For example, if you select a Typematic Pitch of 500 and a Typematic
Span of 10, each of the first 10 repeated keys will repeat faster than the
previous one by 500 microseconds (1/2 millisecond), then remain constant
for all keys thereafter. Default is zero (disabled).

H:nn  SPAN HOLDOFF
Delays the initial effects of the Typematic Span function. The repeat
period will remain constant for nn characters before the Span functions
begin to decrease the period, or in other words increase the rate of
repeats. For example, if you have set the span to 30 and the pitch to 500
and now want the first five characters to repeat without increasing the
rate, set the Span Holdoff to five. Default is zero.

B  EXTENDED BUFFERING
Enables HyperKey's type-ahead buffer. B or B:+ to enable; B:- to disable.
Default is enabled.

Note: If after installing other enhancement products two or more keys are
delivered for each key you strike, disable this option.

B:nn  EXTENDED BUFFER SIZE
Specifies the size of the extended keystroke during installation. Values
for nn range from 16 to 4096. Two bytes of memory are required for each
keystroke. Default is 128 bytes.

I  KEYBOARD LOCK INDICATORS
Changes the keyboard lock indicators, such as [CapsLock] and [NumLock]. Use
the first letter of the key indicator name; UPPERCASE sets the key active,
lowercase clears the indicator. Indicators are: [CapsLock], [NumLock],
[ScrollLock], and [Insert] state. In the following examples, the first sets
all indicators active, the second sets [CapsLock], clears [NumLock]:

     C:\>HYPERKEY -ICNSI
     C:\>HYPERKEY -ICn

Some computers do not accept indicator changes by device drivers; therefore
you may need to run HyperKey during AUTOEXEC.BAT initialization to change
the indicators after booting the machine. Default is no changes to key
indicator states.

A  ACTIVE
Enables all HyperKey functions. A or A:+ to enable; A:- to disable. If you
discover one of your programs is incompatible with HyperKey, you can
disable HyperKey while you are using that program. Default is enabled.

C  CLICK ON MAKE
Issues a click when a new key is struck. C or C:+ to enable clicks; C:- to
disable. Default is disabled.

C:nn  CLICK PITCH
Sets the pitch of the click. This function depends on machine speed.
Experiment to create the sound you find most pleasing. Default is 100.

CR  CLICK ON REPEATS
Issues a click on all keys, new and repeated. CR or CR:+ to enable; C:- to
disable. Default is disabled.

L:nn  CLICK PERIOD
Sets length of time the click sounds. This parameter also depends on
machine speed. Experiment to find a pleasing value. Default is 32.

T  TOUCH SHIFTING
Sets Touch-Shifting mode active. Makes it possible to enter a shifted key
combination (one that requires you to hold down two or more keys at a time)
by pressing only one keystroke at a time. For example, to enter [Ctrl][F1],
simply press [Ctrl] and release, then press [F1] and release. Touch
Shifting is very useful for 101- and 102-key keyboards. T or T:+ to enable;
T:- to disable. Default is disabled.

U  UNINSTALL
Uninstalls the TSR-type model, if it was previously installed. If HyperKey
can be removed from memory, all memory used will be released. You cannot
uninstall the device-driver version. If it's not possible to uninstall, you
will receive a message that the uninstall failed. You might consider
disabling all functions instead by using the Active option. The following
example disables HyperKey:

     C:\>HYPERKEY A:-

XS  SHADOW RAM LOADER
Loads program in Shadow RAM memory. If you have a Chips & Technologies NEAT
210 or 300 Series chip setbased computer or use an XMS-type product that
supports UMBs such as 386Max 4.30+, the SpeedKit program will load in this
special memory using none of the lower 640K of conventional memory. This
option is automatically inactive if loaded high with an external loader,
such as DeviceHigh, LOADhi, LOADhigh, etc.

Note: For Chips & Technologies computers, load high occurs in the
E000:0000-FFFF memory area. Therefore, other programs, adapters, ROMS, and
EMS memory banks must not use this area.

XF:file  EXECUTE COMMAND FILE
Directs the program to carry out the commands contained in the designated
file where file is a standard DOS path and filename. You can use this
function to store common procedures or personalized options. Create a file
that contains the command line and parameters desired for a specific user
or application. The command file can contain multiple lines, and comments
should be delimited by a semicolon:

     C:\>HYPERKEY XF:C:\ANYFILE.EXT

KW  KEY WAIT TIME
Selects wait for key after No Parameter status panel. KW or KW:+ enables a
pause after the status panel. KW:- disables the wait for a key.
Alternatively, you can select a time delay by specifying KW:nn, where nn is
the number of seconds to wait before continuing automatically. Default is
to wait for a keystroke if no parameters are specified.

OR  OVERRIDE REPORT
Disables the output report that is normally generated whenever you run a
SpeedKit product from the command line. This option is useful if you are
running from batch files and do not want the report to fill the screen.
Specifying OR:- will disable the installation report delay, but the report
itself will still be displayed.

OX  DISABLE REPORT
Displays report unless Override Report is applied. OX or OX:+ disables
report panel; OX:- restores report panel display. OR:- can be used to
override the OX setting. Default is to display report.

OK  OVERRIDE DISPLAY METHOD
Selects the display method. SpeedKit products normally display data
directly by means of the video BIOS. OK or OK:+ forces I/O directly to the
video BIOS, while OK:- forces DOS I/O. Alternatively, the standard output
device can be redirected to any device or file. Default is direct to video
BIOS.

In the following example, HyperKey will display the report by means of DOS
standard output device:

     C:\>HYPERKEY OK:-

In the following example, output from HyperKey is redirected to console
(CON) device:

     C:\>HYPERKEY >>CON

OK:nn  OVERRIDE COLORS/ATTRIBUTES
Selects the colors/attributes for the current display. Color displays
provide 16 foreground colors to be applied on either 8 (CGA) or 16
(EGA/VGA) background colors. Monochrome displays provide a variety of
display attributes. Some allow two or more intensities, underlining,
blinking, etc. For CGA displays, there are 120 useful combinations; EGA/VGA
displays, 240. Monochrome displays vary and are generally less than CGA.
You can enter a value for nn in either decimal or hexadecimal formats. The
example below is a decimal example with HyperKey:

     C:\>HYPERKEY OK:30

The above example selects yellow on a blue background. Alternatively, you
can select the colors manually by specifying:

     C:\>HYPERKEY OK:0

OKC:nn  OVERRIDE COLORS ONLY
Same as OK:nn, except only color display attributes are affected. Useful
for systems with both monochrome and color displays.

OKM:nn  OVERRIDE ATTRIBUTES ONLY
Same as OK:nn, except only monochrome display attributes are affected.

KH  USE ALTERNATE INTERRUPT VECTOR
Forces HyperKey to use Interrupt 9 instead of Interrupt 15. This is for
older BIOS machines that do not support Interrupt 15. Only use if HyperKey
fails to load. KH or KH:+ enables this function. Default is disabled.

M  SMART CAPS
Turns on the Smart Caps feature that makes the CAPSLOCK work like a
typewriter. When Smart Caps is enabled, pressing a SHIFT key will unlock
the CAPSLOCK function. M or M:+ enables Smart Caps. Default is disabled.


Part 5: HyperScreen


What is HyperScreen?

HyperScreen is a video enhancement tool that gives you the most power and
versatility from your existing video hardware. With state-of-the-art
software, it provides manual and automatic screen blanking and video BIOS
speedup.

The automatic screen blanking function shuts off your video display after a
preset time to prevent a persistent image from burning into the display's
phosphors. Phosphors are the light emitting substances that make the
electronic image visible. If a fixed image is displayed continuously, the
phosphors deteriorate, producing a burned screen. Although monochrome
displays are most often affected by burning, color displays can lose
brightness and contrast if an image is displayed too long.

With HyperScreen's manual blanking function you can quickly blank any
information displayed on the screen. This feature protects sensitive data
from exposure to unexpected visitors. By specifying parameters, you can
choose which key activates this feature and the number of times it must be
pressed to blank the screen.

The Fast BIOS feature increases the speed of your display by replacing
inefficient portions of video BIOS code. This option speeds all text mode
displays in DOS or any text-based programs, but it does not speed up
graphics displays or direct display access applications. These functions
are based on the individual software packages rather than the BIOS code on
the video card.


HyperScreen Options

The defaults for each parameter are listed at the end of their description,
if applicable. Lowercase, italic nn following a parameter is a place holder
for a number that you provide.

A  GLOBAL HYPERSCREEN ENABLE
Enables all HyperScreen functions. A or A:+ to enable; A:- to disable.
Default is enabled.

F  ENABLE FAST BIOS
Enables the Fast BIOS routines for speeding up all mode operations. F or
F:+ to enable; F:- to disable. Default is enabled.

B  ENABLE BLANKER
Enables the screen blanking function. B or B:+ to enable; B:- to disable.
Default is enabled.

B:nn  SET BLANKING TIME
Sets the inactivity timer, where nn is the number of minutes that the
keyboard has not been used. After nn minutes expire without a keystroke,
HyperScreen will blank the screen. B:0 disables the timer. Default is 10
minutes.

K  ANY KEY DEBLANKING
With this option enabled, you can strike any key to restore the display
after HyperScreen has blanked it. With some software, Microsoft Windows for
example, only the SHIFT and LOCK keys will restore the display. However, if
you want to specify a single key to use for restoring the display, disable
this option (K-) and use the Hotkey Selection option. Default is K:+, any
key deblanking.

K:nn  HOTKEY TAP COUNT
Specifies the number of successive times the hotkey must be pressed
(tapped) to manually blank or restore the screen. The timing of the taps is
important; they should be spaced no more than about 1/2 second apart.
Normally, this is easy to do. If the Any Key Deblanking option is active,
one tap will restore the screen. Default is three taps.

K:s  HOTKEY SELECTION
You can select any of the hotkeys listed below for manual screen blanking
and restoring. Substitute for s the hotkey you want to use. For example,
K:A selects [Alt] as your manual screen blanking and restoring hotkey.
Default is [Ctrl].

     Use       To choose blanking, restoring hotkey

     K:L       [LeftShift]
     K:R       [RightShift]
     K:C       [Ctrl]
     K:A       [Alt]
     K:S       [ScrollLock]
     K:N       [NumLock]
     K:P       [CapsLock]


U  UNINSTALL
Uninstalls the TSR-type model, if it was previously installed. If
HyperScreen can be removed from memory, all memory used will be released.
You cannot uninstall the device-driver version. If it isn't possible to
uninstall, you will receive a message that the uninstall failed. You might
consider disabling all functions instead. The following example disables
HyperScreen:

     C:\>HYPERSCR A:-

XS  SHADOW RAM LOADER
Loads program in Shadow RAM memory. If you have a Chips & Technologies NEAT
210 or 300 Series chip setbased computer or use an XMS-type product that
supports UMBs such as 386Max 4.30+, the SpeedKit program will load in this
special memory using none of the lower 640K of conventional memory. This
option is automatically inactive if loaded high with an external loader,
such as DeviceHigh, LOADhi, LOADhigh, etc.

Note: For Chips & Technologies computers, load high occurs in the
E000:0000-FFFF memory area. Therefore, this area must not be used by other
programs, adapters, ROMS, or EMS memory banks.

XF:file  EXECUTE COMMAND FILE
Directs the program to carry out the commands contained in the designated
file where file is a standard DOS path and filename. You can use this
function to store common procedures or personalized options. Create a file
that contains the command line and parameters desired for a specific user
or application. The command file can contain multiple lines, and comments
should be delimited by a semicolon:

     C:\>>HYPERSCR XF:C:\ANYFILE.EXT

OR  OVERRIDE REPORT
Disables the output report that is normally generated whenever you run a
SpeedKit product from the command line. This option is useful if you are
running from batch files and do not want the report to fill the screen.
Specifying OR:- will disable the installation report delay, but the report
itself will still be displayed.

OK  OVERRIDE DISPLAY METHOD
Selects the display method. SpeedKit products normally display data
directly by means of the video BIOS. OK or OK:+ forces I/O directly to the
video BIOS, while OK:- forces DOS I/O. Alternatively, the standard output
device can be redirected to any device or file. Default is direct to video
BIOS.

In the following example, HyperScreen will display the report by means of
DOS standard output device:

     C:\>HYPERSCR OK:-

In the following example, output from HyperScreen is redirected to console
(CON) device:

     C:\>HYPERSCR >>CON

OK:nn  OVERRIDE COLORS/ATTRIBUTES
Selects the colors/attributes for the current display. Color displays
provide 16 foreground colors to be applied on either 8 (CGA) or 16
(EGA/VGA) background colors. Monochrome displays provide a variety of
display attributes. Some allow two or more intensities, underlining,
blinking, etc. For CGA displays, there are 120 useful combinations; EGA/VGA
displays, 240. Monochrome displays vary and are generally less than CGA.
You can enter a value for nn in either decimal or hexadecimal formats. The
first example below is a decimal example; the second is a hexadecimal
example:

     C:\>HYPERSCR OK:30
     C:\>HYPERSCR OK:X1E

Both of the above examples select yellow on a blue background.
Alternatively, you can select the colors manually by specifying:

     C:\>HYPERSCR OK:0

OKC:nn  OVERRIDE COLORS ONLY
Same as OK:nn, except only color display attributes are affected. Useful
for systems with both monochrome and color displays.

OKM:nn  OVERRIDE ATTRIBUTES ONLY
Same as OK:nn, except only monochrome display attributes are affected.

M  MOUSE DETECT UNBLANKING
If you use this option any movement of the mouse will unblank the screen. M
or M:+ enable this option. Default is disabled.

D  DISPLAY UNBLANKING KEY
Normally the key pressed to unblank the screen is captured by HyperScreen.
If you wish this key to be passed on to the application that is running in
the background use this option. D or D:+ enable this option. Default is
disabled.


Part 6: HyperRAM


What is HyperRAM?

HyperRAM increases the speed of your system CPU by changing the refresh
rate of your system's 8253 timer chip. All Personal Computers, including
the original IBM PC were designed with a very high refresh rate. The rate
used by all personal computers is far beyond the rate required by the RAM
chips used in these machines. HyperRAM sets the refresh rate to match
closer with RAM manufacturers specifications and in turn frees up CPU
cycles. These free cycles can be used by your software rather than going to
waste by refreshing the RAM too often. The change in refresh rate matches
within specifications of most DRAM manufacturers. Depending on your system,
HyperRAM should increase your CPU's performance from 2% to 10%. You can
measure this in many ways such as Landmark's CPU Speed Test or the Norton
Utilities SI program.


HyperRAM options

     HYPERRAM [+][-][R:nn]

+    Enable HyperRAM.
Entering a + will enable HyperRAM and set the optimum refresh rate.

-    Disable HyperRAM.
Entering a - will disable HyperRAM and set the refresh rate to stock
values.

R:nn    Set refresh rate to nn Us.
Entering R:nn will set the refresh rate to nn micro seconds. Only use this
if you have a good understanding of the refresh rates. DO NOT set your
refresh rate higher than 65 micro seconds.

Setting too high a refresh rate will cause memory Parity errors or hang
your system. If you find that HYPERRAM + causes parity errors or hangs your
system than you will want to try this option. (See the section on trouble
shooting at the end of this chapter.)

What Is A Refresh Rate And What Does It Do? The memory in your Personal
Computer is called DRAM, or Dynamic Random Access Memory. This memory is
made of banks of 9 chips each holding up to as much as 4MB of 1 bit data.
Each chip in a bank represents one of 9 bits. In Personal Computers, 8 of
the bits store data and the 9th bit is called a parity bit, used to
determine if the data bits are holding the proper information. DRAM chips
can not hold a charge of electricity for a very long time. In fact, a new
charge of 5 volts (3.3 volts in some systems) must be supplied about every
65 micro seconds or it will lose its data. To supply this charge, that is
refresh the memory, the CPU must stop processing data and direct the 8253
chip to send the refresh charge to the bank of memory. Once the refresh is
done the CPU can continue processing. By reducing the number of times the
CPU has to stop to refresh the DRAM is how HyperRAM speeds up your system.

Notes
HyperRAM is not a TSR. It does not require any RAM or take any away from
your system. HyperRAM only needs to be loaded once and will perform until
the machine is rebooted.

HyperRAM has now loaded and changed your systems speed. Now try loading
some software to insure that the system is working properly. Run all the
programs that you normally run on your system. Do not load any data that
isn't already saved in case HyperRAM causes a problem. Any problems caused
by HyperRAM will most likely be memory problems, your system will either
hang or you will get a Parity Error type message. If have any problems
refer to the Troubleshooting section that follows for further instructions.
If everything works fine then you might want to install HyperRAM so it
loads every time you boot your machine.

If you have any type of Memory or RAM test you can further insure that
everything is working properly by running that test. If it reports no
problems than it is safe to assume that HyperRAM has no conflicts with your
machine.

Troubleshooting
HyperRAM has been thoroughly tested on many systems before being released
but due to the complexity and variety of equipment available we can not
guarantee that it will work on every Personal Computer.

If you notice memory errors, parity errors, or that your machine is hanging
after running HyperRAM + then the rate that HyperRAM has chosen for your
system is causing the DRAM chips to fail. This is in no way a permanent
failure, you will just have to pick a lower rate at which to run HyperRAM.
To use a manual refresh rate with HyperRAM enter the following:

     HYPERRAM r:nn [ENTER]

where nn is the refresh rate you wish to use. Start with 60 and retest your
system. If you continue to have problems keep decrements the amount by 5
until you reach a value that your system works with. If the value is less
than 18 then you will most likely not benefit from HyperRAM. If this is the
case contact technical support for further help.

If you have to use a manual refresh rate then install with the rate
override option, and give it the value that worked with your system when
the installation program prompts you.

Some problems in benchmarking are caused by TSR or Memory Resident software
such as screen blankers or print spoolers.

The benchmark ATPERF.EXE from PC Tech Journal which measures overhead is
usually not affected by these programs. It is a very good sign of the
change HyperRAM has with your program.

Norton Utilities SI and Landmark's CPU Speed can be effected by TSR's and
may not show the increase in performance. If notice no improvement in
performance try running the benchmarks without any TSR's loaded. If you
still see no increase, call technical support.


Part 7: Error Messages


General Error Messages

The following error messages are common to all SpeedKit components:


Already Installed!
SpeedKit product has already been installed. The program type and version
of the resident program are displayed, followed by the error message.

Invalid Parameter: UNKNOWN
An invalid command-line parameter was specified. Verify your command-line
parameters against the definitions in the "Options" sections for HyperDisk,
HyperKey, and HyperScreen. Inserting a delimiter (/,:,-, etc.) between
parameters will ensure that only the invalid character is chopped; other
valid parameters will be installed.

Incorrect DOS Version
SpeedKit requires DOS version 3.3 or later. SpeedKit product was not
loaded.


HyperDisk Error Messages

Following is a list of HyperDisk error messages:

Extended Memory Not Supported (INT 15h)
HyperDisk could not find the extended memory BIOS software (INT 15h). Your
computer does not support INT 15h extended memory functions. You should use
either the Expanded Model or the Conventional Model instead.

No Extended Available
HyperDisk could not find any free memory in the extended memory manager.
You should free some extended memory from other uses.

Insufficient Extended Memory
HyperDisk could not find enough free memory in the extended memory manager.
A minimum of 128K is required to use HyperDisk.

HyperDisk Error RShft:  Retry=LShft Skip=Ctrl Abort=Alt?
This message supports responses by both keystrokes and shift state hotkeys.
Shift state hotkeys allow entry of commands even when the foreground
application has taken normal keyboard control (i.e., Microsoft Windows,
SmartCom, etc.). The error message is preceded by three beeps. The
following table lists hotkeys and keystrokes you can use to choose a
command:

     To choose      Press

     Retry          R or [RightShift][LeftShift]
     Skip           S or [RightShift][Ctrl]
     Abort          A or [RightShift][Alt]


If you don't enter a response within four seconds, a Retry is automatically
entered for you. See the following error message for the meanings of Retry,
Skip, and Abort.

Error [drive]#:n: - [error message]: Retry, Skip or Abort
An error was detected during a disk write operation. The error code will be
either an extended memory, EMS, or BIOS error.

* Retry: pressing R will retry the same disk request.
* Skip: pressing S will skip this disk write and continue with the next
  write.
* Abort: pressing A will remove the active drive data from the HyperDisk
  buffers without updating the disk. Use this response only for floppies
  you are going to discard because of defective and unacceptable media.
  This response is not the same as multiple Skips.

If the error code is ABxx then xx is the EMS error code in hexadecimal (see
your EMS manual error definitions). For an EMS error (ABxx), the EMS
software has been corrupted, and the Retry option most likely will continue
to fail.

If the error code is EDxx then xx is the extended memory error code in
hexadecimal (see the IBM-AT Technical Reference [1502243] BIOS Listing,
Section: BIOS 1, Error Code Definitions). For an extended memory error, the
memory has been corrupted and the Retry option most likely will continue to
fail.

If the error is a disk BIOS error on a diskette drive, the error condition
usually indicates that the diskette latch is open. If this is the case,
replace the diskette and/or close the diskette latch before giving the
Retry response.


Part 8: Troubleshooting


Introduction to Troubleshooting

If you are having problems with any of the SpeedKit products, first read
through this section. If you continue to have problems after reading this
section, please have the following information ready before calling
technical support:

* Computer manufacturer and type;
* amount of memory;
* size and type of hard disk;
* DOS version;
* copy of CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files;
* HyperDisk version number and serial number, both of which can be found on
  your diskette.

We prefer that you be at the machine you are having problems with when you
call technical support. A technician can be reached at (415) 882-1740
during normal business hours, Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.,
Pacific Time. Often, a technician is on duty after business hours as well
and will answer your questions if available. If a technician is not
available, you can leave a message on our bulletin board, (415) 882-1735,
or email at support@fht.com.


Troubleshooting Tips

If you are unable to boot your machine because HyperDisk causes system
crashes, try pressing [Ctrl][LeftShift][Alt] to boot your machine without
loading HyperDisk.

If you want to test to see if HyperDisk is causing your problem, try
booting your machine with HyperDisk installed but disabled, using the
[Ctrl][Alt]D key combination. If you continue to have the same problem, it
is probably being caused by something other than HyperDisk.

If your problem persists, try turning off your machine, wait 30 seconds,
and try again.


Copy Protection

Some products that use copy-protected media may require that the caching
function be disabled during the media verification period. Press
[Ctrl][Alt]D to disable HyperDisk and [Ctrl][Alt]E to enable it.


Commonly Asked Questions

Can I run HyperDisk with another disk cache?
NO! You must always run only a single software cache. You are going to have
problems if you run two programs that are performing the same function
simultaneously. Never run two caches at the same time, regardless of which
ones they are.

The only exception is caching controllers. HyperDisk has been tested with
many hard disk controllers with built-in caches, and the combination works
just fine. But never run two software caches together; it will only lead to
problems with your hard disk.

HyperDisk automatically prevents conflicting configurations by detecting
other disk-caching software, such as SmartDrive or PC-Kwik, and stopping
installation.


Do I have to remove SmartDrive when using HyperDisk?
Yes. SmartDrive is a disk cache, and you cannot run two software disk
caches at the same time without causing problems.


I'm getting an Internal Stack Overflow message.
Set your stacks line to: Stacks=0,0 in your config.sys file. Beware of
programs that will alter your stacks setting during installation.


Is it okay to use FASTOPEN?
No. We don't recommend ever running FASTOPEN. FASTOPEN is a special type of
program that caches file structures. It has proven to be very unreliable
and only marginally enhances system performance. FASTOPEN was designed to
be used without a disk cache before Microsoft included SmartDrive with DOS.
Most recent versions of FASTOPEN work with SmartDrive but continue to cause
problems with third party caches, such as HyperDisk.


Why don't I notice any difference between HyperDisk and SmartDrive?
Make sure that HyperDisk's Staged Write options are turned on. This is the
most noticeable difference when comparing HyperDisk to other caches.


HyperKey isn't working in Windows. What's wrong?
Because of the way Windows works there is no way for HyperKey to function
under Windows. We are working on a version specifically for Windows, but
currently you cannot benefit from HyperKey while running Windows.


Hotkey Controls
Use the following hotkey combinations to speed your processing with
SpeedKit utilities.

ABORT INSTALLATION  [Ctrl][LeftShift][Alt]
Suspends installation of HyperDisk. When booting your computer, but before
HyperDisk loads, you can suspend the installation by holding down
[Ctrl][LeftShift][Alt] . You will be prompted to choose whether to continue
or stop installation.

WARM-BOOT  [Ctrl][Alt][Del]
Warm-boots the computer system. HyperDisk first writes any modified data to
disk. If the disk requires updating, you will hear two tones and HyperDisk
will begin writing to your disk. After the updates are complete, press
[Ctrl][Alt][Del] again, and the system will warm-boot.

If you have other TSRs that also monitor [Ctrl][Alt][Del], they may restart
the computer without allowing HyperDisk to update your disk. If so, first
disable caching by using [Ctrl][Alt]D and then warm-boot the computer.

If you are unsure of the behavior of other resident programs, you can test
your system by copying files to a test floppy diskette. First, activate
HyperDisk's Staged Write feature by pressing [Ctrl][Alt]A. Insert a newly
formatted disk in drive A and copy a large number of files to it by typing
copy *.* A:.

When your screen indicates that the copying is finished (or has failed
because of insufficient disk space), immediately issue the warm-boot
command, [Ctrl][Alt][Del]. If you hear two tones and your system begins to
write to the floppy, you can issue warm-boots without fear of losing any
data.

If your system immediately restarts, you will have lost data being copied
to drive A. Your disk integrity will be in question while using the other
TSRs together with HyperDisk's Staged Write options and issuing the
[Ctrl][Alt][Del] warm-boot key combination.

Possible remedies are to:

* remove the other offending TSR;
* always disable HyperDisk before you warm-boot; or
* use the Write Through feature in your installation of HyperDisk, which is
  the default setting and requires no extra parameters.


FORCE UPDATE BEFORE PROGRAM LOADS  [Ctrl][Alt]F
Updates all changes to disk/diskette before running the next program load
request. Provided for development and testing systems. You can also use the
parameter OF:-.

RESUME STANDARD UPDATE  [Ctrl][Alt]R
Resumes normal update conditions. Provided for development and testing
systems. You can also use the parameter OF:+.

MANUAL DISKETTE CHANGE  [Ctrl][Alt]C
Changes diskette media indication. If two diskettes have identical file
allocation tables, HyperDisk cannot detect that the diskette has changed.
Use this command to force HyperDisk to recognize the new diskette.


Appendix A: Compatibility Notes


OnTrack Disk Manager, SpeedStor Hard Disk Packages
Currently HyperDisk directly supports hard drives formatted with Disk
Manager and SpeedStor. If you have a hard drive using DOS 3.3 or later then
you must use Disk Manager version 3.1 or SpeedStor version 5.14. If you use
older versions of these products then you might run into compatibility
problems with HyperDisk.

Stacker, Doublespace, Drivespace, and SuperStor Hard Disk Compression Programs
HyperDisk should be loaded after these drivers. Load HyperDisk after
stachigh.sys in your config.sys file. If you experience any compatibility
problems then you should load HyperDisk into your autoexec.bat file.
Doublespace and Drivespace users should load HyperDisk after the
dblspace.sys or drvspace.sys line, load HyperDisk after st-dbl.sys if you
are using QEMM stealth doublespace. You do not need to exclude any logical
volumes from being cached.


Appendix B: HyperDisk Limitations


HyperDisk supports disk and diskette drives accessed by BIOS INT 13h
services. Up to 20 drives can be cached, 10 hard disks and 10 floppies. To
be cached, disk and diskette media must be formatted as 512 bytes per
sector with 8 to 63 sectors per track.

HyperDisk supports hard drives with up to 256 heads and 1,024 cylinders
maximum, or 64 heads maximum and 4,096 cylinders, accessible with special
software such as SpeedStor, Disk Manager, or AMI/OMTI BIOS-compatible
controllers.

Supported floppy diskette systems include: 5.25-inch single and double
sided, double- and high-density formats (8, 9, and 15 sectors per track);
3.5-inch drives single and double sided, double- and high-density formats
(9 and 18 sectors per track).

HyperDisk supports partitioned hard disk systems (multiple logical drives
per physical drive) and should be installed after the device driver
provided by the disk supplier. PC-DOS versions 3.30 and later directly
support multiple logical drives. No additional device drivers are required.

If a diskette is removed from a drive and placed in another PC where it is
changed slightly but no change occurs in the file allocation table and then
returned to the first PC, HyperDisk may not detect the media change and
fail to update the buffers to reflect the new changes. Therefore, if you
remove, alter, and replace a diskette, take notice if HyperDisk issues a
media change tone. If you don't hear a tone, use the hotkey combination
[Ctrl][Alt]C to change the media indication manually and force HyperDisk to
recognize the new diskette. For more information see Manual Diskette Change
in "Hotkey Controls," in Part 6.


Appendix C: HyperDisk Notes for Windows Users


HyperDisk 4.32 and later revisions have been made with specific
enhancements to provide optimum performance under Windows. Generally you
will not have to change any of the parameters in HyperDisk for Windows to
function at optimal speed. There are two tips that you should be aware of
when using HyperDisk with Windows.

1. Make sure to use the Staged Write features.
   Windows is a large and complex environment, which requires that a lot of
   temporary data be stored to disk. By having Staged Write turned on, most
   of this temporary disk writing can be eliminated, since the data will be
   redundant and will write to the area of the disk that falls into the
   cache buffer.

2. Beware of Windows memory requirements.
   Windows is a memory intensive environment. You should always leave at
   least 50 percent of your total system memory available for Windows and
   its applications. For example, on an 8 MB machine, never use more than
   3.5 MB (8 MB - 640K for DOS / 2 = 3.5 MB) for the disk cache or any
   other programs such as print spoolers or RAM disks. If you notice
   sluggish performance under Windows verify that you are not using all of
   the extended memory for the disk cache.

3. Windows Control Panel
   HyperDisk now includes a control panel for Windows that allows you to
   view the current status information of HyperDisk and modify the
   parameters that can be changed while running Windows. Just add the
   program HYPERCP.EXE to any program group in Windows and double click on
   the program.

4. Windows for Workgroups 3.11
   Make sure to disable 32 bit file access in Windows for Workgroups.


Appendix D: Manual Installation


1. Copy all files with an .EXE extension from the diskette to your hard
   disk. Place the files in the root directory or in any subdirectory.

2. Make sure no other disk caching software is installed. HyperDisk works
   fine with hardware cache controllers, but it may conflict with other
   software caches. The following table lists the most popular software
   caching products and the associated program names that might be called
   from either AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS files.

          Caching product     Program name

          Super PC Kwik       SUPERPCK, PCKWIK.SYS
          Flash               FLASH
          Speed Cache         SCPLUS, SC
          Vcache              CACHE, CACHE-AT, CACHE-EM, VKETTE
          SmartDrive          SMARTDRV.SYS, SMARTDRV.EXE
          PC Cache            PCACHE
          FAST!               FAST???.EXE
          NetWare Cache       NLCACHE
          Lantastic           LANCACHE


   If any of these programs are installed, you must remove them before
   attempting to install HyperDisk. Running two or more caching programs
   simultaneously may result in the loss of or damage to your data and
   program files.

3. Choose whether to install HyperDisk as a device driver or as a TSR. We
   recommend installing as a device driver unless you want to uninstall
   HyperDisk later in your session. If you will want to uninstall
   HyperDisk, use the TSR method.

   As a device driver, HyperDisk should be installed after any special disk
   device drivers, such as:

          Disk driver         Program name

          Disk Manager        DMDRVR.BIN
          SpeedStor           HARDRIVE.SYS, SSTOR.SYS
          DOS                 DRIVER.SYS


   Each SpeedKit product can be installed as a DOS device driver or as a
   TSR program. Most commonly, they are installed as device drivers, but
   for some near-compatibles it may be necessary to install them after a
   TSR that makes your system keyboard IBM compatible. If you choose the
   device-driver method, you must include the installation specification in
   your CONFIG.SYS file. Use an editor to update the CONFIG.SYS file on
   your boot drive root directory.

   The device-driver definition is normally installed immediately after an
   extended or expanded memory manager, but before any other device-driver
   definition. Install them in this order: HyperDisk, HyperKey, and finally
   HyperScreen. If you placed the SpeedKit files in a subdirectory, you
   should specify a fully qualified path in the DEVICE = statement.

   If you choose the TSR method, you also can run HYPERDKX.EXE at the
   command prompt. Alternatively, you can place the HYPERDKX.EXE
   specification in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file on your root directory.

   The following example of lines in the CONFIG.SYS file installs HyperDisk
   with a 512K cache, Staged Write enabled for the hard drives only, and
   Verify Read enabled for all disk writes; installs HyperKey with a
   Typematic Delay of 180 milliseconds and a repeat rate of 18 milliseconds
   and disables the installation report; and installs HyperScreen with a
   blanking and restoring hotkey of [LeftShift]. Each product is installed
   as a device driver, and the files are placed in the root directory of
   drive C:

     DEVICE=C:\HYPER\HYPERDKX.EXE /C:512 /S /Q /V
     DEVICE=C:\HYPER\HYPERKEY.EXE /R:18 /D:180 /OR
     DEVICE=C:\HYPER\HYPERSCR.EXE /K:L /K:-

4. If you are using the TSR installation method, place all SpeedKit
   products at the beginning of the AUTOEXEC.BAT file:

     C:\HYPER\HYPERDKX.EXE /C:512 /S /Q /V
     C:\HYPER\HYPERKEY.EXE /R:18 /D:180 /OR
     C:\HYPER\HYPERSCR.EXE /K:L /K:-

5. Reboot your machine to complete the installation of SpeedKit.

Note: Install HIMEM.SYS and EMM386.EXE (or QEMM) before HyperDisk.

Install HyperDisk before Windows.


Appendix E: Technical Notes

Extended memory is only available in 80286 (IBM-AT), 80386, and 80486
computers. This memory is above 1 MB and is normally not accessible from
MS-DOS real mode applications. HyperDisk uses special BIOS functions (INT
15h, extended memory block move) to access this memory.

If your system uses QEMM, 386Max, EMM386, HIMEM.SYS, etc., the following
two warnings do not apply. If you are not using one of the better-known
extended memory managers, the extended memory BIOS functions have some side
effects that you should be aware of:

* Interrupts may be lost. Interrupt processing is suspended while the
  extended memory is being accessed. High-speed communications programs are
  the most likely to encounter problems.

* Pfix and Pfix-Plus (possibly others) may hang when using INT 15h extended
  memory block move functions with the Intel Inboard 386/AT. This problem
  is related to the PC-AT ROM BIOS. Test your system carefully. Intel's
  Inboard 386 Utility Software version 1.2 corrects this problem. Disable
  caching with [Ctrl][Alt]D while these products are being used.


Appendix F: More About Caches


History of Caching

Although the idea of caching is ancient, the science of caching is quite
recent, with most of the fundamental work dating from the 1960s. The Belady
replacement algorithm, published in 1967, provides the baseline by which
all caching techniques can be measured and compared. This algorithm, known
as The Greatest Forward Distance, is not realizable. Due to its noncausal
nature it requires perfect knowledge of the future! Consequently, the
Belady algorithm can only be applied to systems that have already completed
operations or are perfectly cyclic in behavior, which is not very useful in
a PC application environment. Once a realizable algorithm is implemented,
Belady's algorithm can be applied to the request list or reference string
history to assess how close to optimum the test algorithm performs. It is
this comparison upon which the fundamental science of caching rests.

Many caching algorithms have been published and compared to the Belady
baseline. Leading are the Least Frequently Used (LFU) algorithms, followed
closely by the Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithms. Differences in
performance are less than 8 percent on the average. However, LFU algorithms
are more complex to implement, and most systems perform better using LRU
algorithms, since executing complex algorithms requires time and space.
Common algorithms for central processing unit (CPU) instruction caches are
Direct, Two-Way Associative, and Four-Way Associative. Programming systems
that support overlay loading commonly use Least Recently Loaded (LRL)
algorithms.

HyperDisk uses a modified LRU algorithm, which is simple and executes
quickly. Weak points in general LRU performance appear when data is
retrieved from the disk in such a fashion that the data is replaced after
being used only once. This type of behavior is termed overcommitment or
thrashing. To avoid overcommitment, HyperDisk uses a proprietary
combination of linear and random access predictors to identify the onset of
the condition.

For more information on caching in computing systems, see the journals of
the Association for Computer Machinery or the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers.


Disk Controller Caches

Many manufacturers now offer disk controllers that feature onboard caching
functions. These controllers generally provide excellent performance.
However, because of cost and space limitations, most controllers provide
only a small buffer to hold data, typically less than 512K. In addition,
access to the controller buffer is slower than access to normal system RAM.
If your system is an 80386 or 80486 32-bit system, the I/O-channel speed is
very slow when compared to system RAM. Another limitation of disk
controllers is that the buffer memory is dedicated to the caching function
and cannot be used in any other way.

For maximum system performance when using a caching disk controller, we
recommend a modest buffer size on the controller (16K to 128K). Install
HyperDisk as you would with a normal controller, using either extended or
expanded memory. The combination of HyperDisk and a caching controller is
unbeatable.


Other Caching Systems

Caching techniques were invented long before the use of personal computers.
Mainframe computer systems have been implementing caching techniques for
some time, and now caching is available for PCs as well. There are many
types of caches, all unique and different.

Memory caches usually allow the use of slower memory chips on new
high-speed machines. Many 80386 and 80486 computers on the market today
implement a memory cache design. They place a small amount of high-speed
memory in the system (usually 64K of static RAM) and then use that memory
to cache up to 16 MB of slower dynamic RAM chips. This system allows the
machine to use the full speed of the processor while maintaining a very
economical memory system.

CPU caches are implemented to allow the stacking of instructions waiting
for the processor, thus increasing the speed of the system.

Print spoolers are another type of cache. Print spoolers use memory or disk
to cache the information being sent to the printer, freeing the machine to
continue with other work.

None of these types of caches is the same as a disk cache. Often computer
users assume that if they have one type of cache in a system, they don't
need any other. In fact, system performance is best when a cache is built
into every area of the machine.


Appendix G: Uninterruptible Power Supply Support


UPS Monitor

HyperDisk can monitor the status of any Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
that has a serial port. This feature is especially useful for machines that
are run unattended, such as file servers and communication workstations. By
monitoring the UPS, HyperDisk can help prevent data loss by shutting down
whenever the computer is not running on normal power. This helps prevent
loss of data that would be in a "staged write" buffer by turning off the
Staged Write options whenever normal power is not being used.

This flexible UPS monitoring function can monitor any I/O port for active
signals. Multiple signals can be monitored as well as signals with
different polarity. It can work in conjunction with other monitors, such as
the monitors built into Lantastic and Novell.

Use the UP: parameter to set up the UPS monitoring function. Items enclosed
in curly brackets are required; items enclosed in square brackets are
optional:

  UP:{IoPort}:{IoPolarity}:{IoMask}:{CacheMask} [:{PollSeconds}[:{PollCount}]]


IoPort: Input port address. This is the address of the port to be
monitored. This number must be in hexadecimal format.

IoPolarity: Inverts sense of input port bits. Normally the monitor looks
for a "high" signal for a true occurrence of a state. By switching the
polarity, the monitor will look for a low occurrence of the state. Zero (0)
does not change value. One (1) inverts bits sense.

IoMask: Determines which bits to test for non-zero conditions:

     0 drops bit from test;
     1 retains IoPort bit value;
     Non-zero results indicate active UPS (AC power off);
     Zero results indicates inactive UPS (AC power on).

CacheMask: A bit field:

     1 disables function if this bit occurs;
     0 no change to function if this bit occurs.

     Bit  BitName        A one (1) will disable the function

     0    StagedFloppy   Staged Write floppy drive write operations
     1    StagedHard     Staged Write hard drive write operations
     2    VerifyFloppy   Verify floppy drive write operations
     3    VerifyHard     Verify hard drive write operations
     4    Reserved0      Reserved always 0
     5    Reserved1      Reserved always 0
     6    FloppyEnable   Enable floppy caching
     7    CacheEnabled   Enable all caching functions


PollSeconds: Sets the period in seconds to sample IoPort value. The I/O
port will be checked every nn seconds for changes in status.

PollCount: Sets the number of identical IoPort samples before changing the
cache state. This tells the monitor how many times it should wait after
seeing a change in the state of the UPS before changing the status of the
cache. This helps keep the cache from changing states if the UPS goes onto
battery power for a very short period of time, such as during a brownout.

IoMask values for COM port based UPS monitoring system
To set the IoMask values you must determine which pin on the I/O port you
are going to use to monitor the UPS. Most UPS use the Carrier Detect Pin on
a PC serial port to monitor the UPS status.

To calculate the IoPort address you must first determine which port you are
going to be monitoring, then calculate the offset to the port register that
you will be using. In most cases you will be using a serial port at either
COM1 or COM2 and monitoring the Modem Status Register. To monitor the Modem
Status Register on COM1 you would calculate the following address:

     COM1 is generally located at 3F8.
     COM2 is generally located at 2F8.
     Modem Status Register is 6 bytes from the port address.
     The IoPort address would be 3F8 (COM1) + 6 (MSR) = 3FE for COM1.
     The IoPort address would be 2F8 (COM2) + 6 (MSR) = 2FE for COM2.

The following table lists the common pins used to monitor UPS functions.

   9-Pin Port  25-Pin Port   Signal Name      IoMask      IoPolarity

   Pin 1       Pin-8         Carrier Detect     80             00
   Pin 6       Pin-6         Data Set Ready     20             00
   Pin 8       Pin-5         Clear To Send      10             00
   Pin 9       Pin-22        Ring Indicator     40             00


To make your own cable for the American Power Conversion (APC) UPS follow
the pin-out details below:

     APC 9 pin interfact           Computer 9 pin interface
     Cable end: Male (Pins)        Cable end: Female (Sockets)
     Pin 2 - AC Power Fault        Pin 1 - Modem Data Carrier
     Pin 4 - Signal Ground         Pin 5 - Signal Ground


Example:
Monitor COM2, Modem Status port: Bit 7, Carrier Detect, normal polarity. If
power fails disable Staged Write functions on both hard and floppy drives.
Thirty second sample period. Three matching samples indicates
active/inactive UPS.

     HYPERDKX UP:2FE:0:80:3:30:3


Appendix H: Product Information


Limited Warranty

In the event of notification of defects in material or workmanship of the
diskette media or manual, within the warranty period of 45 days from the
date of the purchase of the license fee, HyperWare will, at its option,
replace the diskette or manual, or refund the license fee. If you need to
report a defect, call the HyperWare Customer Service Department. The remedy
for breach of this warranty shall be limited to replacement or refund and
shall not encompass any other damages, including but not limited to loss of
profit, and special, incidental, consequential, or other similar claims.

HyperWare specifically disclaims all other warranties, expressed or
implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness for a particular purpose with respect to defects in the
diskette and documentation, and the program license granted herein in
particular, and without limiting operation of the program license with
respect to any particular application, use, or purpose. In no event shall
HyperWare be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage,
including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other
damages. This statement shall be construed, interpreted, and governed by
the laws of the State of California.

Product Return Policy

You may return any HyperWare product as long as the seal of the
distribution envelope has not been broken and the product is in a
resaleable condition. Resaleable means the condition you would want to
receive the product in if you just bought it new. Call our Customer Service
Department for a Return Merchandise Authorization number before shipping
the merchandise to us. No refunds will be given for merchandise returned
with the envelope seal broken or if the diskette inside has been copied.

Upgrade Policy

You can get a free upgrade to all HyperWare products from HyperWare's BBS
for one year from the date of purchase of the license. Thereafter, an
annual subscription fee entitles you to an unlimited number of upgrades
from the BBS during the following 12 months. You can obtain a new manual
and program diskette at any time for a minimal cost. Prices and terms are
subject to change without notice. Please call for current information
before ordering or subscribing.

Ordering Information

Call your local computer store or order directly from:

HyperWare, 185 Berry Street, Suite 4807, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA

     PHONE:    (415) 882-1740
     FAX:      (415) 882-1733
     BBS:      (415) 882-1735
     Email:         orders@fht.com
     CompuServe ID  71333,3657

We are also on the Internet:

     http://www.fht.com/hyper.html
     ftp.fht.com/pub/hyper


Technical Support

Each SpeedKit product is meant to be installed as a set-it-and-forget-it
utility. The benefit of the programs will be readily apparent in the
day-to-day improvement of your system performance. We have taken every step
to ensure the compatibility and reliability of our product. However, it is
impossible to test every combination of hardware and software. For this
reason, our technical support department is ready to assist you, at no
charge, with any questions, comments, or installation problems.

You can call for technical support for this product Monday through Friday,
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific Time. Please be prepared to leave a name
and number where you can be reached. Before calling, please read the
sections of this manual pertaining to your question. We'll also need to
know the version and serial numbers of the product about which you are
calling. We can also be reached by Email at support@fht.com.


HyperWare Products

Safety Disk (tm)
Safety Disk saves all of your systems vital information and will solve most
problems due to: Loss of battery power, loss of CMOS information,
accidental deletion of boot files, virus damage to boot disk.

"Use Safety Disk and your PC is Safe.", Computer Shopper

"Used in Conjunction with a conventional backup utility, Safety Disk, for
$59.95 will provide as bulletproof a backup as you're likely to find in the
PC marketplace.", InfoWorld

"Safety Disk is so deceptively easy to use that it makes hard-drive and
computer maintenance seem impossibly easy.", PCM Magazine

"I have discovered the most unique and useful system maintenance utility since Spinrite came along.", MBUG PC Newsletter

ExtraDOS Toolbox (tm)
A compilation of powerful and sophisticated tools for MS-DOS users. The
programs offer functionality: some enhance programs already found in
MS-DOS, other tools are familiar to the UNIX world and are now available in
MS-DOS. ExtraDOS also compliments PC Tools and Norton Utilities by offering
many features not found in these packages. The quality of our tools will
allow you to work faster, smarter and better.

Featured in :

DOS Power Tools, 2nd Edition, Revised for DOS 5.0 book by Bantam Books.
Inside MS-DOS 6, New Riders Publishing.
Killer DOS Utilities, Que Corp.

AreaCode for Windows (tm)
Find the areacode for a given city, state, or country. Find the location
for a specified areacode.

SpeedRam for Windows (tm)
A small, non-resident utility that will increase your systems performance
by as much as 10% yet requires not resident memory to operate. Increases
Norton 6.0 SI on a Compaq 386/33 from 34.7 to 35.6, AST 486 SI from 70 to
72!

HyperDisk SpeedKit (tm)
HyperDisk is the finest disk caching utility available for your PC. Hard
disk system performance will generally increase 300% to 1000% while
simultaneously prolonging the lifetime of your drive by reducing the wear
and tear caused by frequent and redundant access. HyperDisk minimizes the
head movements required to update the disk, thereby lengthening the drive
life. HyperDisk will improve the performance of any PC system. New
computers based on the 80486 and Pentium microprocessors will be
incomparable in performance after installing HyperDisk. Disk caches for
your PC are not new. DOS itself uses "Buffers" to cache data for better
performance. Most PC systems set the "BUFFERS=" statement in the CONFIG.SYS
file to cache data for better performance. HyperDisk functions in much the
same way only with far, far greater efficiency. It can also handle large
cache sizes, up to 63MB.

Also included:

HyperCP     - Windows status and control panel for HyperDisk
HyperScreen - Improves video performance
HyperKey    - Improves keyboard performance
HyperRam    - Optimizes the RAM refresh rate

CleanUp for Windows (tm)
With the ever increasing size and lowering cost of disk space, most PCs
running Windows have large hard drives. Larger disk drives are more complex
to manage. It is no longer feasible to remember the name, location and
purpose of every file on your system. Often files and programs will be
installed on a temporary basis only to be forgotten and either outdated or
left behind. You can quickly devote more than 25% of your hard disk to
unused or duplicate files. CleanUp provides a comprehensive way of dealing
with this problem by quickly isolating unused and duplicate files and
removing them, freeing up valuable hard disk space. CleanUp allows you to
scan one or more disks to identify and remove unnecessary files. CleanUp
will identify files with the same name in any directory and display them in
the main window. You can also display a graph of the space used by your
largest directories.

"should definitely be part of your system", Dr. Ed Hoffman, Windows OnLine
Review

PC Computing Magazine "Best Bet", August 1993

TurboBAT (tm)
TurboBAT Creates a .COM program file from a DOS batch file, eliminating the
need to distribute batch files with source code. Compiled batch files not
only run faster, but are secure from unauthorized modifications. Registered
users do not need to pay royalties on programs created with TurboBAT.
